Advanced Medical Life Support (AMLS)

What age-related change increases the risk of respiratory compromise?

1. Increase of mucus production

2. Increase in intrathoracic volume

3. Decrease in lung compliance

4. Decrease in dead space ventilation

The correct answer is: Decrease in lung compliance

The increase in the risk of respiratory compromise with age is significantly associated with the decrease in lung compliance. As individuals age, the lung tissue and thoracic structures undergo physiological changes. These changes include the loss of elastin fibers, stiffening of the lung parenchyma, and alterations in the chest wall mechanics. Consequently, this reduction in lung compliance makes it more difficult for the lungs to expand during inhalation, which can lead to inadequate ventilation and reduced oxygenation. Decreased lung compliance can result in higher work of breathing and could contribute to a feeling of shortness of breath, especially during exertion. It may also lead to inefficient gas exchange due to the inability of the lungs to adequately adapt to the demands of physical activity or illness, ultimately increasing the risk of respiratory compromise in older adults.